Water Resources

MCQ on
Water Resources
Chapter No.3, Geography
Class X

https://www.scribd.com/doc/266514550/Water-Resources

Democracy and Diversity

MCQ on
'Democracy and Diversity'
Chapter No. 3, Civics,
Class X

https://www.scribd.com/doc/266318563/Democracy-and-Diversity

What is Democracy, Why Democracy

MCQ on
'What is Democracy, Why Democracy'
Chapter no.2, Civics,
Class IX

https://www.scribd.com/doc/266317818/What-is-Democracy-Why-Democracy

Nazism and The Rise of Hitler

MCQ on
'Nazism and the Rise of Hitler',
Chapter No.3, History,
Class IX

https://www.scribd.com/doc/266316679/Nazism-and-the-Rise-of-Hitler

The Age of Industrialisation

1. Before the Industrial Revolution
Proto Industrialisation - large scale production,
                                       for an international market,
                                       not based on factories
Merchants Started moving towards countryside -
                                the demand for goods began growing
                                urban craft and trade guilds present in towns
                                      Trade Guilds - maintained control over production
                                                              restricted entry of new people
                                                              rulers granted them monopoly
Poor peasants and artisans began working for merchants -
                             Open fields and commons were disappearing
                             Not sufficient land to provide work to all members of the family
                             Merchants offered advances
                             Could remain in the countryside and continue to cultivate
                             their small plots
Relationship developed between town and the countryside -
Merchants in the town - wool stapler - spinner - weaver - fullers - dyers - finishing work in London

1.1 The Coming up of the Factory
                    Series of inventions in the eighteenth century (Richard Arkwright
                    created the cotton mill)
                    Costly new machines could be purchased, set up and maintained
                    only in the mills
                    Better supervision
1.2 The Pace of Industrial change - was slow
       Cotton was the leading sector up to the 1840's, from the 1860s demand for
       Iron & Steel increased
       New industries could not easily displace traditional ones
       Ordinary and small innovations were the basis of growth
       Technological changes occurred slowly
2. Hand Labour and Steam Power - Industrialists preferred hand labour
                             No problem of labour shortage or high wage cost
                             Seasonal industries
                             Demand in the market for goods with intricate designs and
                             specific shapes
                             Handmade goods came to symbolize refinement and class
2.1 Life of the Workers
                         was miserable, had to spend nights under bridges or night refuges
                         seasonality of work lead to poverty and unemployment
                         women started attacking on spinning jenny
                         after the 1840s new employment opportunity opened up

3. Industrialization in the Colonies
3.1 The Age of Indian Textiles - India produced finer varieties of cotton textiles
                                                     Flourishing trade both on land as well as sea route
                                                     Surat (Gujarat), Masulipatnam (Coromandal) and
                                                     Hoogly in Bengal
Old Ports declined and new one rose
              With the rise of European companies, old ports declined and
               the new ones emerged
              Exports fell, credit dried up and bankers went bankrupt
              Surat & Hoogly decayed. Bombay and Calcutta grew
              Was an indicator of the growth of Colonial power
3.2 What hapenned to Weavers
              The East India Company established its control over Indian trade
                        Eliminated the competition
                                           defeated the other foreign powers
                                           taxes on local trade
                        Appointment of Gomastha to procure regular supplies
                                           offered advances to weavers
                                           took away all the production
 Clashes between weavers and Gomasthas
               weavers had to lease out the land and devout all time to weaving
               Gomasthas had no relation with weavers
               they acted arrogantly, often punished weavers for delay in supply
               weavers lost space of bargaining
3.3 Manchester comes to India
            By the 19th century exports from India declined, Imports has risen
                             British government impost import duties on cotton textiles
                             East India company forced to sell Manchester goods in India
Problems faced by Indian weavers
                             Tough competition from Manchester goods
                             Could not get sufficient supply of raw cotton
                             Competition from Indian factories

4. Factories Come up
4.1 The Early Entrepreneurs
      Dwarkanath Tagore, Dinshaw Petit, Jametjee Nusserwanjee Tata, Seth Hukumchand, Birlas
From where they managed their capital
                      were the junior players in the opium trade with China
                      Traded with Burma, Middle East and East Africa
                      Operated within India
Problems faced - Barred from trading in Manufactured goods
                            European Managing Agencies controlled a large sector of Indian
                           industries
                            Decision making in European hands
                            Not allowed to join Chamber of Commerce
4.2 Where did the Workers came from
               Most industrial workers came from the districts around
               Many moved between village and the city, returning to their village
               homes during harvests and festivals
               Workers traveled great distances from United Provinces
                to Bombay & Calcutta
Jobber - employed by industrilists to get new recruits, got people from village, ensured them jobs, helped them in crisis. Often demanded money and gifts in return

5. The Peculiarities of Industrial Growth
    European Managing Agencies invested in Plantations, Mining, Indigo and Jute
    Early cotton mills in India produced cotton yarn rather than fabric
    Swadeshi movement promoted Indian industries. 1906 onward
    Indian Industrialists began shifting from yarn to cloth
Impact of First World War on Indian Industries
            Imports into India declined, Indian mills had a vast home market to supply
            New factories came up, old ran multiple shifts. Workers were made to
            work for larger hours
            After the war Manchester could never recapture its old position
            in the Indian market,
            Local industrialists gradually consolidated their position
5.1 Small Scale Industries Predominate
                 Large industries formed only a small segment of the economy
                 Handicraft production expanded in the Twentieth century
                 Handicraft people adopted new technology that improved production
                 without excessively pushing up costs
Certain groups of weavers were in a better position than others
                Demand of consumer cloth fluctuated violently,
                weavers producing coarser cloth were affected severely
                Weavers producing finer varieties were in a better position

6. Markets for Goods
                     Labels like 'Made in Manchester'
                     Images of Indian Gods and Goddesses
                     Calenders were used
                     Figures of important personages
                     Indian manufacturers promoted nationalist message
                         
                             

Sectors of Indian Economy

MCQ on
'Sectors of Indian Economy',
Chapter No.2, Economics, Class X

https://www.scribd.com/doc/265282151/Sectors-of-Indian-Economy

Sectors of Indian Economy

Sectors according to Economic activities
Primary Sector :- activities that are undertaken by directly using natural resources, by exploiting natural resources, Agriculture, dairy, fishing, forestry are example of this sector. This sector is also called agriculture and related sector.
Secondary Sector :- activities in which natural products are changed into other forms through ways of manufacturing,  For example cotton fiber from the plant, we spin yarn and weave cloth, using sugarcane as a raw material, we make sugar or gur. It is also called as industrial sector.
Tertiary Sector :- activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors, do not produce a good but they support in production process,  for example transport, storage, communication, banking, trade etc., is also called the service sector.
Comparing the three sectors : The value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year provides the total production of the sector for that year. And the sum of production in the three sectors gives what is called the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country.
Historical Change in Sectors :
At initial stages of development, primary sector was the most important sector of economic activity.
Over a long time (more than hundred years), and especially because new methods of manufacturing were introduced, factories came up and started expanding. Those people who had earlier worked on farms now began to work in factories in large numbers. People began to use many more goods that were produced in factories at cheap rates. Secondary sector gradually became the most important in total production and employment.
In the past 100 years, there had been a further shift from secondary to tertiary sector in developed countries. The service sector has become the most important in terms of total production. Most of the working people are also employed in the service sector. This is the general pattern observed in developed countries.
Rising importance of the tertiary Sector :
(i) Governments taking  responsibility of providing basic services
(ii) The development of agriculture and industry  led to the development of services.
(iii) With the rise of income levels of the people, more and more services were demanded
(iv) New services based on information and communication has become essential.
Where are the most of the people employed ?
More than half of the workers in the country are working in the primary sector, mainly in agriculture, producing only a quarter of the GDP. In contrast to this, the secondary and tertiary sectors produce three – fourth of the produce whereas they employ less than half the people
Disguised Employment : Situations were people are apparently working but all of them are made to work less than their potential. This kind of underemployment is hidden in contrast to someone who does not have a job and is clearly visible as unemployed. Hence, it is also called disguised unemployment.
How to create more employment ?
(i) Promotion of irrigation activities.
(ii) Government investment in transportation and storage
(iii) Local banks providing easy credit.
(iv) Promotion and location of industries and services in semi-rural areas.
(v) Jobs in tourism, education and regional craft industry.

Organised and Unorganised sectors :
Organised sector covers those enterprises or places of work where the terms of employment are regular and therefore, people have assured work. They are registered by the government and have to follow its rules and regulations which are given in various laws such as the Factories Act, Minimum Wages Act, Payment of Gratuity Act, Shops and Establishments Act etc. It is called organised because it has some formal processes and procedures. Workers in the organised sector enjoy security of employment. They are expected to work only a fixed number of hours.
The unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations but these are not followed. Jobs here are low-paid and often not regular. There is no provision for overtime, paid leave, holidays, leave due to sickness etc. Employment is not secure. People can be asked to leave without any reason.
How to protect workers in the Unorganised Sector?
Rural areas - need to be supported through adequate facility for timely delivery of seeds, agricultural inputs, credit, storage facilities and marketing outlets
Urban areas - Small scale industry’s needs government’s support for procuring raw material and marketing of output.

Public and Private Sectors :
In the public sector, the government owns most of the assets and provides all the services.
In the private sector, ownership of assets and delivery of services is in hands of private individuals or companies.
Reasons for the promotion of Public sector
(i) There are several things needed by the society as a whole but which the private sector will not provide at a reasonable cost.
(ii) There are some activities, which the government has to support.
(iii) There are a large number of activities which are the primary responsibility of the government. The government spend on these.

The Age of Industrialisation

MCQ on
'The Age of Industrialisation'
Chapter no. 5, History, Class X

https://www.scribd.com/doc/265024677/The-Age-of-Industrialisation

The Story of Village Palampur

MCQ on
The Story of Village Palampur,
Chapter No.1, Economics, Class IX

https://www.scribd.com/doc/264467769/The-Story-of-Village-Palampur

India - Size and Location

Democracy in the Contemporary World

MCQ on
Democracy in the Contemporary World
Chapter No.1, Civics, Class IX

https://www.scribd.com/doc/264192240/Democracy-in-the-Contemporary-World

Development

MCQ of
Development
Chapter No.1, Economics, Class X

https://www.scribd.com/doc/263841665/Development

Power Sharing

MCQ on
Power Sharing
Chapter No.1. Civics, Class X

https://www.scribd.com/doc/263839523/Power-Sharing

Fresh Instructions for NTSE Stage II 2015

NTSE Stage II will be held on 10. May 2015
Admit cards have been dispatched, those who have not received yet, please visit the given link
The minimum qualifying marks for candidates belonging to SC/ST/PH categories have been increased from 32 % to 35 %. For General Category the minimum qualifying marks in each paper is 40 %
1/3 negative marks for every wrong answer

http://www.ncert.nic.in/announcements/notices/pdf_files/notice2904150001.pdf

Resource & Development

MCQ on
Resource and Development
Chapter No.1, Geography, Class X

visit the link
https://www.scribd.com/doc/263737361/Resource-Development

Federalism

MCQ related to
Chapter - Federalism ,
Chapter No. 2, Civics, Class X

visit the link
https://www.scribd.com/doc/263734403/Federalism