NCERT SOLUTIONS Q: 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Give reasons for the following: (a) Woodblock print only came to Europe after 1295. (b) Martin Luther was in favour of print and spoke out in praise of it. (c) The Roman Catholic Church began keeping index of prohibited books from the mid 16th century. (d) Gandhi said the fight for Swaraj is a fight for liberty of speech, liberty of press and freedom of association. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Answer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(a) China had Woodblock printing since around 6th century. It was in 1295, that the Italian explorer Marco Polo returned from his long stay in China, where the woodblock printing was popular. He brought this technique with him to Europe. (b) Through the publications of his protestant ideas, Martin Luther challenged the orthodox practices and rituals of the Roman Catholic Church. He wrote 95 theses criticizing many of the practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Luther’s writings were immediately reproduced in vast numbers and read widely. This led to a division within the church and to the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. He also translated the New Testament of which 5000 copies were sold within a few days. These were impossible without the printing technology. Deeply grateful to the print, Luther said, “Printing is the ultimate gift of God and the greatest one.” This is the reason why Luther was in favour of print and spoke out in praise of it. (c) The Roman Catholic Church had to face many dissents from mid-16th century onwards. People had written many books that interpreted the God and the creation in their own ways or as they liked. Therefore, the church banned such books and kept the record of such banned books. It was called the Index of Prohibited Books. (d) Gandhi considered that the liberty of speech, liberty of press and freedom of association were three most powerful vehicles of expressing and cultivating public opinion. Therefore, he said the fight for Swaraj was a fight for liberty of speech, press, and freedom for association.
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Tuesday 4 September 2012
Class X - Print Culture and the Modern World
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